However, identity is a multi‐layered problem making the creation of digital identity systems complexEach layer of identity of serves a different purpose, and suffers from a distinct set of problems in today’s identity landscape Service DeliveryAuthorisation Attribute Exchange Authentication Attribute Collection Standards Providing efficient, effective and seamless services to usersProvisioning what services users are entitled to access based on their attributesProviding mechanisms for exchanging attributes between partiesProviding mechanisms for linking users to attributesCapturing and storing user attributesDeveloping standards to govern system operationGOALS Inefficient or unsuited service deliveryComplex authorisation rules and relationshipsInsecure and privacy‐ compromising attribute exchange Weak or inconvenient authentication Inaccurate or insufficient attribute collection Lack of coordination and consistency PROBLEMS
